Exposure patterns and the risk factors of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus amongst humans, livestock and selected wild animals at the human/livestock/wildlife interface in Isiolo County, upper eastern Kenya

This study focused on understanding the prevalence and risk factors associated with Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) exposure among humans, livestock and wild animals in Isiolo County, Kenya.

Through a comprehensive sero-epidemiological investigation and a confirmatory test using RT-qPCR, the researchers found varying seroprevalence rates across different species, with camels exhibiting the highest prevalence of the various livestock species sampled.

Wild animals, notably giraffes, also displayed significant seroprevalence rates.

Factors such as gender, age, and herd seropositivity were identified as significant contributors to CCHFV exposure among humans, while environmental factors like vegetation indices and vapor pressure influenced livestock exposure.

The findings of the study underscore the intricate interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors in CCHFV transmission dynamics.

By elucidating these factors, the authors provide crucial insights for policymakers to develop targeted interventions and surveillance strategies, emphasizing the importance of a One Health approach.

Implementing control measures in livestock, such as acaricide application, could effectively mitigate CCHFV transmission to humans.

Additionally, the use of personal protective equipment and workplace education for animal related professions are crucial for preventing human infections.

Overall, the study contributes to advancing knowledge in zoonotic disease control and underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, such as tick control measures in livestock, to reduce the risk of CCHFV transmission to humans.

Citation
Mukhaye, E., Akoko, J.M., Nyamota, R., Mwatondo, A., Muturi, M., Nthiwa, D., Kirwa, L.J., Bargul, J.L., Abkallo, H.M. and Bett, B. 2024. Exposure patterns and the risk factors of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus amongst humans, livestock and selected wild animals at the human/livestock/wildlife interface in Isiolo County, upper eastern Kenya. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18(9): e0012083.

Photo: Kenya’s wildlife-rich rangelands with cattle and wildlife (ILRI/Dave Elsworth)